Чтобы запустить команду оболочки в Java, существует несколько способов. Вот несколько примеров:

Метод 1: использование Runtime.getRuntime().exec()

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
public class ShellCommandRunner {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            String command = "ls -l"; // Replace with your desired shell command
            Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);

            // Read the output of the command
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                System.out.println(line);
            }
// Wait for the command to finish execution
            int exitCode = process.waitFor();
            System.out.println("Command exited with code: " + exitCode);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Метод 2: использование ProcessBuilder

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
public class ShellCommandRunner {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            String command = "ls -l"; // Replace with your desired shell command
            ProcessBuilder processBuilder = new ProcessBuilder(command.split("\\s+"));

            // Redirect the output to the Java process
            processBuilder.redirectErrorStream(true);

            Process process = processBuilder.start();

            // Read the output of the command
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                System.out.println(line);
            }
// Wait for the command to finish execution
            int exitCode = process.waitFor();
            System.out.println("Command exited with code: " + exitCode);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Метод 3: использование библиотеки Apache Commons Exec
Вы также можете использовать библиотеку Apache Commons Exec для запуска команд оболочки на Java. Вот пример:

import org.apache.commons.exec.CommandLine;
import org.apache.commons.exec.DefaultExecutor;
import org.apache.commons.exec.ExecuteException;
import org.apache.commons.exec.ExecuteResultHandler;
import org.apache.commons.exec.ExecuteWatchdog;
import org.apache.commons.exec.Executor;
import org.apache.commons.exec.PumpStreamHandler;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ShellCommandRunner {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            String command = "ls -l"; // Replace with your desired shell command
            CommandLine cmdLine = CommandLine.parse(command);

            // Create an executor with timeout
            Executor executor = new DefaultExecutor();
            executor.setExitValue(0);
            ExecuteWatchdog watchdog = new ExecuteWatchdog(TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(10));
            executor.setWatchdog(watchdog);

            // Capture the output of the command
            ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            PumpStreamHandler streamHandler = new PumpStreamHandler(outputStream);
            executor.setStreamHandler(streamHandler);

            // Execute the command asynchronously
            executor.execute(cmdLine, new ExecuteResultHandler() {
                @Override
                public void onProcessComplete(int exitValue) {
                    System.out.println("Command exited with code: " + exitValue);
                }

                @Override
                public void onProcessFailed(ExecuteException e) {
                    System.out.println("Command execution failed: " + e.getMessage());
                }
            });

            // Wait for the command to finish execution
            watchdog.waitFor();

            // Print the output
            System.out.println(outputStream.toString());

        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}