Чтобы сгенерировать пару частного и открытого ключей в Python, вы можете использовать различные библиотеки и методы. Вот несколько методов, которые вы можете использовать:

Метод 1: использование библиотеки криптографии

from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
private_key = rsa.generate_private_key(
    public_exponent=65537,
    key_size=2048,
    backend=default_backend()
)
public_key = private_key.public_key()
private_pem = private_key.private_bytes(
    encoding = serialization.Encoding.PEM,
    format = serialization.PrivateFormat.PKCS8,
    encryption_algorithm = serialization.NoEncryption()
)
public_pem = public_key.public_bytes(
    encoding = serialization.Encoding.PEM,
    format = serialization.PublicFormat.SubjectPublicKeyInfo
)
# Save private key to file
with open('private_key.pem', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(private_pem)
# Save public key to file
with open('public_key.pem', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(public_pem)

Метод 2: использование библиотеки криптографиис OpenSSL

from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
import OpenSSL
key = rsa.generate_private_key(
    public_exponent=65537,
    key_size=2048,
)
# Save private key to file
with open('private_key.pem', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(key.private_bytes(
        encoding=serialization.Encoding.PEM,
        format=serialization.PrivateFormat.PKCS8,
        encryption_algorithm=serialization.NoEncryption()
    ))
# Save public key to file
with open('public_key.pem', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(key.public_key().public_bytes(
        encoding=serialization.Encoding.PEM,
        format=serialization.PublicFormat.SubjectPublicKeyInfo
    ))

Метод 3: использование библиотеки криптографиис PyOpenSSL

from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
import OpenSSL
key = rsa.generate_private_key(
    public_exponent=65537,
    key_size=2048,
)
# Save private key to file
with open('private_key.pem', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(OpenSSL.crypto.dump_privatekey(
        OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM,
        key.private_key()
    ))
# Save public key to file
with open('public_key.pem', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(OpenSSL.crypto.dump_publickey(
        OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_PEM,
        key.public_key()
    ))