Вот несколько способов обработки кнопок наушников в Android с использованием примеров кода:

1. Использование BroadcastReceiver:

   // Create a BroadcastReceiver to capture button events
   private BroadcastReceiver buttonReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
   @Override
   public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
       if (Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_BUTTON.equals(intent.getAction())) {
           KeyEvent event = intent.getParcelableExtra(Intent.EXTRA_KEY_EVENT);
           if (event != null && event.getAction() == KeyEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
               // Handle button press event
               // Example: Pause or play music
               if (event.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_MEDIA_PLAY_PAUSE) {
                   // Pause or play music
               }
           }
       }
   }
   };
   // Register the BroadcastReceiver in your activity
   @Override
   protected void onResume() {
   super.onResume();
   IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_BUTTON);
   registerReceiver(buttonReceiver, filter);
   }
   // Unregister the BroadcastReceiver in your activity's onDestroy or onPause method
   @Override
   protected void onDestroy() {
   super.onDestroy();
   unregisterReceiver(buttonReceiver);
   }

2. Использование AudioManager:

   // Request audio focus in your activity
   AudioManager audioManager = (AudioManager) getSystemService(Context.AUDIO_SERVICE);
   AudioManager.OnAudioFocusChangeListener audioFocusChangeListener =
       new AudioManager.OnAudioFocusChangeListener() {
           @Override
           public void onAudioFocusChange(int focusChange) {
               // Handle audio focus changes
               if (focusChange == AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_LOSS) {
                   // Stop playback
               } else if (focusChange == AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_GAIN) {
                   // Resume playback
               }
           }
       };
   int result = audioManager.requestAudioFocus(audioFocusChangeListener,
       AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, AudioManager.AUDIOFOCUS_GAIN);
   // Release audio focus when you're done
   audioManager.abandonAudioFocus(audioFocusChangeListener);

3. Использование MediaSessionCompat:

   // Create a MediaSessionCompat in your activity
   MediaSessionCompat mediaSession = new MediaSessionCompat(context, "tag");
   // Set a MediaSessionCompat.Callback to handle button events
   mediaSession.setCallback(new MediaSessionCompat.Callback() {
   @Override
   public boolean onMediaButtonEvent(Intent mediaButtonIntent) {
       KeyEvent event = mediaButtonIntent.getParcelableExtra(Intent.EXTRA_KEY_EVENT);
       if (event != null && event.getAction() == KeyEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
           // Handle button press event
           // Example: Next or previous track
           if (event.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_MEDIA_NEXT) {
               // Play next track
           } else if (event.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_MEDIA_PREVIOUS) {
               // Play previous track
           }
       }
       return super.onMediaButtonEvent(mediaButtonIntent);
   }
   });
   // Activate the MediaSessionCompat in your activity's onResume method
   @Override
   protected void onResume() {
   super.onResume();
   mediaSession.setActive(true);
   }
   // Deactivate the MediaSessionCompat in your activity's onPause method
   @Override
   protected void onPause() {
   super.onPause();
   mediaSession.setActive(false);
   }