в PHP для создания исключения. Я предоставлю вам несколько примеров использования throw.

1. Базовое исключение:

   try {
   // Code that may throw an exception
   throw new Exception('This is a basic exception.');
   } catch (Exception $e) {
   // Handle the exception
   echo 'Caught exception: ',  $e->getMessage(), "\n";
   }

2. Пользовательское исключение:

   class CustomException extends Exception {}
   try {
   // Code that may throw a custom exception
   throw new CustomException('This is a custom exception.');
   } catch (CustomException $e) {
   // Handle the custom exception
   echo 'Caught custom exception: ',  $e->getMessage(), "\n";
   }

3. Несколько исключений:

   try {
   // Code that may throw multiple exceptions
   if (condition) {
       throw new Exception('Exception 1.');
   } else {
       throw new CustomException('Exception 2.');
   }
   } catch (Exception $e) {
   // Handle the first exception
   echo 'Caught exception: ',  $e->getMessage(), "\n";
   } catch (CustomException $e) {
   // Handle the second exception
   echo 'Caught custom exception: ',  $e->getMessage(), "\n";
   }

4. Повторное создание исключений:

   try {
   // Code that may throw an exception
   throw new Exception('This is an exception.');
   } catch (Exception $e) {
   // Handle the exception or rethrow it
   if (condition) {
       throw $e; // Rethrow the exception
   } else {
       echo 'Caught exception: ',  $e->getMessage(), "\n";
   }
   }

5. Использование Наконец:

   try {
   // Code that may throw an exception
   throw new Exception('This is an exception.');
   } catch (Exception $e) {
   // Handle the exception
   echo 'Caught exception: ',  $e->getMessage(), "\n";
   } finally {
   // Code that will always execute
   echo 'Finally block executed.', "\n";
   }